Music and the Fibonacci Series
Musical scales are based on Fibonacci numbers
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The Fibonacci series appears in the foundation of aspects of art, beauty and
life. Even music has a foundation in the series, as:
13 notes separate each octave of
8 notes in a scale, of which the
5th and 3rd notes create the
basic foundation of all chords, and are based on whole tone which is
2 steps from the root tone, that is the
1st note of the scale.
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Note too how the piano keyboard scale of 13
keys has 8 white keys and 5
black keys, split into groups of 3 and 2. |
Musical frequencies are based on Fibonacci ratios
Notes in the scale of western music have a foundation in the Fibonacci series, as the
frequencies of musical notes have relationships based on Fibonacci numbers:
Fibonacci
Ratio |
Calculated
Frequency |
Tempered
Frequency |
Note in
Scale |
Musical
Relationship |
1/1 |
440 |
440.00 |
A |
Root |
2/1 |
880 |
880.00 |
A |
Octave |
2/3 |
293.33 |
293.66 |
D |
Fourth |
2/5 |
176 |
174.62 |
F |
Aug Fifth |
3/2 |
660 |
659.26 |
E |
Fifth |
3/5 |
264 |
261.63 |
C |
Minor Third |
3/8 |
165 |
164.82 |
E |
Fifth |
5/2 |
1,100.00 |
1,108.72 |
C# |
Third |
5/3 |
733.33 |
740.00 |
F# |
Sixth |
5/8 |
275 |
277.18 |
C# |
Third |
8/3 |
1,173.33 |
1,174.64 |
D |
Fourth |
8/5 |
704 |
698.46 |
F |
Aug. Fifth |
The calculated frequency above starts with A440 and applies the Fibonacci
relationships. In practice, pianos are tuned to a "tempered" frequency to
provide improved tonality when playing in various keys.
Musical compositions often reflect Fibonacci numbers and phi
Fibonacci and phi relationships are often found in the timing of
musical compositions. As an example, the climax of songs is often
found at roughly the phi point (61.8%) of the song, as opposed to the
middle or end of the song. In a 32 bar song, this would occur in the
20th bar.
Musical instruments are often based on phi
Fibonacci and phi are used in the design of violins and even in the design of high
quality speaker wire. |